Basic computer notes

 What Is Computer

A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized data)and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed.

 WHAT IS PC? (personal computer)

A computer designed for use by one person at a time.

• Part of PC

• Input

• Processing

• Output

• Storage

Typing Master lesson No

ASDF and JKL;

 Components of Computer

 Basically, a computer consists for four components.



i. Hardware : The physical or parts of the computer called hardware . Like Monitor, Keyboard ,CPU, Mouse etc.

ii. Software: The set of instructions, that tells the computer , what do and how to do.

iii. Data: A collection of raw facts and figures is called data, which can include text, numbers, images, audios and videos etc.

iv. User: Computer cannot do any without its operator.

 Categories of Computers

There are three major ways to categories Computer.

 Classification of Computers (By Size & speed)

 Micro or Personal Computer

A personal computer (PC) is a computer that can perform all of its

inputs, processing, outputs and storage activities by itself. A personal computer contains a processor, memory, and one or more input, output, and storage device.

 Mini or Midrange Computer

It is larger and more powerful computers than personal computers. Mini computers were Introduction in 1960s.

 Mainframe Computers

A mainframe is a large computer in term of price,

power and speed. It consists of

multiple processors. It was introduced in

1970s.

 SuperComputers

Super computer is the biggest in size,

It can process trillions of instructions in one

second. The modern super computer consists of thousands of microprocessors.

 Generation Of Computer

Generation Technology

1st

Generation

(1942-1955)

Vacuum Taube

2nd

Generation

(1956-1964)

Transistor

3rd

Generation

(1964-1975)

Integrated

Circuits

4th

Generation

(1975-Present)

VLSI

(very large Scale Integration)

 Input Devices

An input device is any hardware component that allows you to enter data or instruction into a computer.

Sr# Name Sr# Name

SCANNER 2

TRACK BALL

MOUSE

MICROPHONE

WEB CAM

BARCODE REDER 8

Teacher Helps the students to design this key board

 Multimedia:

Multimedia is a combination of sound and images with text and graphics. This would include movies, animation, music, people talking.

 OUT PUT

Everything that computer display after processing is called output.

• Types of Output:-

1. Hard Form: Printed paper or other permanent media that physically exists.

2. Soft Form: Displayed on screen or by other non-permanent means that not keep physically.

Sr# Name Picture

1 CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)

Monitors

and

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Flat

Panel Displays

2 Speakers

3 Printers

(Impact Printers, Dot Matrix

Printers

(Non-Impact Printers, Ink Jet

Printers

4 Projector

 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The Microprocessor, also called the central processing unit,

interprets

and carries out all the basic instructions that operate the computer.

Instruction

data

information

Data Information

Instruction

data

Information

 RAM

Varies in size like 128 MB, 256 MB , 512 MB to 2GB. RAM cannot store data and instruction permanently. Therefore it is called volatile memory.

 ROM:

Stands for Read only Memory. It consists

 of those instructions that prepare the computer for use. ROM instructions are automatically loaded into the Main Memory. These instructions can only be read but cannot be changed or deleted. Therefore it is called a non-volatile memory.

• Secondary storage: It has three types

 Magnetic Disk

 Magnetic Tape

 Optical Disks

It is most widely used storage media for all type of computer.

Types of Magnetic Disk

There are the following types of the magnetic disk.

I. Hard Disk

II. Floppy Disk

III. Zip Disk

IV. USB flash Drive

 Compact Disk (CD)

CD is the most popular optical medium. It can hold 650 MB to 800 MB of data. The data on the CD cannot be erased like magnetic disk. Its main use are video and data storage. DVDs are of the same dimensions as compact discs(CD),but store more than six time as much data.

 Hard Disk

A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive or fixed disk [b] is a data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information using one or more rigid ("hard") rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material.

ایک ہارڈ ڈسک ڈرائیو (کوائف نامہ) ، ہارڈ ڈسک ، ہارڈ ڈرائیو یا فکسڈ ڈسک [B] ذخیرہ کرنے اور ایک یا ایک سے زیادہ کٹر کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے ڈیجیٹل معلومات بازگیر کے لئے استعمال کیا ( "مشکل" ) ایک ڈیٹا سٹوریج ڈیوائس تیزی سے گھومنے ڈسک

( تالی ) مقناطیسی ساتھ لیپت ہے مواد .

What is CPU

A typical CPU has a number of components. The first is the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs simple arithmetic and logical operations. Second is the control unit (CU), which manages the various components of the computer.

ایک عام CPU اجزاء کی ایک بڑی تعداد ہے . پہلے ریاضی کی منطق یونٹ ( ALU ) ، سادہ ریاضی اور منطقی آپریشن کارکردگی جو ہے . دوسری کنٹرول یونٹ ( CU) ، کمپیوٹر کے مختلف اجزاء کا انتظام جس میں ہے

 What is a graphics card and a graphics driver.

The graphics components are the part of your computer that control the Graphics (Pictures, videos, programs, animation, 3d) are displayed on your computer screen.

 Storage Capacity

1Byte 23or 8bits

1Kilo Byte (KB) 210 or 1024By

1Million (Mega) Byte (MB) 220 or 1024Kilo Bytes

1Billion (Giga)Byte(GB) 230 or 1024 MEGA Bytes

1Trillion (Tera) Bytes(TB) 240or 1024Giga Bytes

1quadrillion (Peta)Bytes(PB) 250or1024 Tera Bytes

1Exabyte,s(EB) 260or1024Peta Bytes

1Billion Tera (Zetta)bytes (ZB) 270or1024Exa Bytes

Septillion (yotta) bytes (YB) 280or1024Zetta Bytes

Mother board:

The mother board to connect all kind of hardware device.

The motherboard (or main board) is the primary circuit board within a personal computer.

motherboard کے (یا mainboard ) ایک ذاتی کمپیوٹر کے اندر اندر بنیادی سرکٹ بورڈ ہے

• Computer Software:

 Software, also called programs. Software is a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do it.

• System Software:

 System software consists of the program that control or maintains the operations of the computer and device.

• Application Software.

 Application software consists of program that perform specific tasks for user .Popular application software includes word processing software ,spreadsheet ,database software and presentation graphics software.

A quick Brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

 Symbols of Keyboards.

Symbol Name Symbol Name

` Grave Accent @ Commercial AT

! Exclamation sign # Hash or Number

% Percent sign ^ Circumflex sign

& Ampersand sign * Asterisk

( Left or Opening ) Right or closing

= Equals sing [ Left squares

Bracket

] Right square brackets { Left curly bracket

} Right curly Bracket ; Single quotation mark

: Colon “ Double quotation marks

\ Reverse slash , Comma

< Less-than sing > Greater- then sign

/ Forward slash, ? Question marks

dotCOM Institute OF IT:- design By Muhammad Younas

Composed by Noushad Qazi

 Installation of windows seven

• Minimum supported system requirements:

Processor 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster32-bit

System Memory 1 gigahertz (GB) RAM ( 32-bit) or 2 GB RAM (64-bit)

HDD 16 GB available hard disk space (32-bit)

• Windows 7 Installation Process

Step 1 put the DVD in to the drive” “click the setup option”

Windows is loading files.

Step 2. After a few screens, you will see “ install windows screen” then press next.

Step3. Press install Now button, on next screen.

Step4. Next screen will ask “where to install the operation system” choose the installation partition. Select the partition in install window

Step5.Press next and setup start coping necessary files after coping system will restart.

dotCOM Institute OF IT:- design By Muhammad Younas

Composed by Noushad Qazi

The Mother Institute OF Fateh jang City

 Display Properties

• To change the desktop background

1. Open Desktop Background by clicking the Start button , clicking Control Panel, clicking Appearance and Personalization, clicking Personalization, and then clicking Desktop Background.

2. Click the picture or color you want for your desktop background.

 How Change the ScreenSaver

To change a screen saver. Open Screen Saver Settings by click the Start button , click Control Panel, clicking

Appearance and Personalization,

clicking Personalization, and then clicking Screen Saver. Under Screen saver, in the drop-down list, click the screen saver you want to use.

 Control Panel

• Click Start Menu

• Click Setting

• Click control Panel

The Control Panel is a part of the Microsoft Windows graphical user interface which allows users to view and manipulate basic system

settings and controls via applets, such as adding hardware, adding and removing software, controlling user accounts, and changing accessibility options.

کنٹرول پینل مائیکروسافٹ ونڈوز گرافیکل یوزر انٹرفیس صارفین کو اس طرح کے طور پر ، ، ہارڈ ویئر اور سافٹ ویئر کا اضافہ کر انہوں نے مزید کہا اتارنے کے صارف اکاؤنٹ کنٹرول کرنے ، اور تبدیل کرنے رسائی کے اختیارات ایپلیٹس کے ذریعے بنیادی نظام کی ترتیبات اور کنٹرولز ، دیکھنے اور جوڑتوڑ کرنے کی اجازت دیتا ہے کا ایک حصہ ہے

 Folder

• Right click on wall Paper

• Click New

• Click Folder

•

 How to Making ICON / Short cut Icon

Right click on Start Button

Click Find

• Click Find Now Button

• Click Minimize Button

• Right click on wall Paper

• Click New

• Click Browse

• Click next

• Click Finish

 Task Bar Properties

• Click start button

• Click Setting

• Click task Bar

• Task Bar Option

• Always on Top

• Auto Hide

 Show Small Icons in Start Menu

Start Menu Program

• Click Start button >> Click Setting >> Click Task Bar

• Click Start Menu Program

Add To make Icon at start Menu

Remove To delete Icon from Start Menu

Advance Make your Folder or remove your Folder From Start Menu

How delete the Icon , Folder

• Select the particular

(File, Folder , Icon

• Now Right Click on it

• Click delete click yes

 Recycle Bin

Bauble click recycle Bin Icon >> Right click at item >> Click Restore

• click File Menu >>> Click Empty Recycle Bin >> Click Yes

 Arrange Icon

• Right click at wall paper

• Select arrange Icon

• Click Auto Arrange

 Line Up Icon

• Right click at wall paper

• Click line up Icon

 Change the Short cut /Icon Image

• Right click at Icon

• Click Properties Click shortcut

• Click change Icon Picture

• Click ok

 Printer Installation

• Click Start Menu >>>Click Setting >> Click printer

• Double click add Printer >> Click next

• Select printer Name & Printer Company Name

• Click Next Click Next

• Click Next >> Click no >> Click finish

 Remove Printer

• Click Start Menu

Click Setting

• Click Printer

• Select Printer Name which you want to delete

Click delete Click yes Click ok

 Paint Brush

• Click start Button

• Click All Program

• Click Accessories

• Click Paint/ Ms Paint

پینٹ (پہلے ونڈوز کے لیے پینٹ برش ) مائیکروسافٹ ونڈوز کے تمام ورژن کے ساتھ شامل کیا گیا ہے کہ ایک سادہ کمپیوٹر گرافکس پروگرام ہے . یہ اکثر MS پینٹ یا مائیکروسافٹ پینٹ کے طور پر کہا جاتا ہے

Step1.

 Insert the MS Office 2007 installation CD into CD Drive ( or DVD Drive)

 Wait for the auto play window to appear.

 Click on the Run

 Setupup.exe option on the Auto play screen.

Step2.press CONTINUE button on the UAC (user account control

Step3 . Enter correct product key and click continue

Step4 click the install now for a complete installation

DotCOM :-Designing by Muhammad Younas

Composed by Noushad Qazi

The Mother Institute OF Fateh jang City serving since2008

• Word processor

Word processor in software that you to create any type of written communication

like a letter, a report, a me, or other type of text data.

Microsoft word is popular word processor.

• Ms Word 2007

Microsoft word is part of the Microsoft office.

Its main function is for producing

تقریب کے پیدا کرنے کے لئے ہے

isdocument that includes text, table, clipart, any graphics etc.

• Ms word Interface

Creating a new document : keyboard option

1. press {ctrl} +{N}

2. Select blank and recent section , click BLANK document.

Saving a Document : First Time

1. Office button , select Save .

2. Open (ctrl+o)

• Click Office Button

• Click the open

And select the File you are want to open.

Or Enter file name in search bar.

• Close (ctrl +w)

• GO to office button

Click close.

• Save as

• F12

• Press the F12 button or

Click Office button and click save as

• Go to Tools

Click the General Options.

Press Enter

password Repeat the password

• Click the ok and save.

 Quick access toolbar

 Home Menu

 Clipboard

 Cut (ctrl+ x)

Write the text >> Click Home Ribbon >> Click cut option.

 Place the cursor >> Ctrl +V

 or

 Go to Home Ribbon

 Click the Paste commend

 Copy (Ctrl +c)

Select the text you are want to Copy

 Ctrl + C or

 with the help of Mouse, “click the coping Point then drank the mouse.

Sr. NO Name Image Description

1 Font style pull-down menu

Selects text font

2 Font size Pull-down menu

Selects text size from pull-down menu

3 Bold

Applies bold face to text

4 Italic

Applies italics to text

5 Strikethrough

Applies strikethrough

Font color pull-down

Selects text colour

Highlight

Adds highlighting to text

Superscript

Creates superscript text

Subscript

Create subscript text

Clear Formating

Clear all formatting text

 Font(Ctrl +D)

This menu is used for formatting text , change the text style , Bold, Italic and increase the font size.

 Select font , style, s

 size, color, style, line color and Effects

 Click ok.

Styles:

“The style toolbar allows you to add

preformatted style to your text,

create your own style,

as well as clear any formatting.

 Bullets and Numbering :

The bullets and numbering toolbar allows you to add bullets or numbering, adjust indents, customize bullets and numbering , and designate

نامزد

What number or letter a list starts on.

• Click, Home menu

• Click bullets or numbering

• Select bullets style

 Alignment and spacing

 Select the paragraph you want the change alignment or paragraph setting.

 Then click the paragraph menu

Type of Indent Appearance

Of Ruler Appearance of

Text

Normal Indent

A Normal Indent loks this

Hanging Indent

A Hanging Indent looks like this

First line Indent

A First line indent looks like this

 Print (crtl +P)

• Go to Office button select print Option

• Enter the printer name.

for number of print

Print Preview (ctrl+F2)

 Borders and Shading Option

1. Select the Paragraph (s) to which you want to add shading and / or border(s)

2. From the Ribbon, select the

3. Home command tab.

4. within the paragraph section, click “borders “ select Borders and Shading...... The borders and shading dialog box appears.

 Adding Shading.

1. Select the Paragraph (s) to which you want to add shading

2. Open the borders and shading dialog box

3. Select the Shading tab. From the pull-down list, select the desired fill effect, Click OK.

Create a Table

• Drag option

1. Place the insertion point where you

Want the table to appear

2. Form the insert tab, in the table

group click table

 Table style and Tables border & shading

 Tables Layout : Table Layout option use for

• Insert rows and columns >> Merge and split cells > Auto fit cells size >> Text alignment in cell >> Text direction

• Convert to text in table

 Merging and splitting Table cells

When working with tables, you may occasionally

کبھی کبھار

want to merge two or more cells , or split one cell into multiple cells. Word makes this easy.

• Merging Cells

1.Select the cells you want to merge

2. Right click with then the selected cells >> select Merge Cells

The selected cells are merged.

 Splitting Cells

1. Select the cell you want to split

2. Right click with then the selected cell>>

3. Select split Cells.

The split cells dialog box appears.

 Insert Picture

Picture: clip art, auto shapes , smart Art , Chart

 Picture Format Ribbon:

• Adjust ,brightness, contrast, Recolor, compress, change Picture, Reset picture,

• Picture styles

• Picture shape, Picture Border Picture Effects,

• Picture arrange

• Picture Size , crop.

 Using Text Wrap:

• Ribbon Option

 You can change the text wrapping on your clip

art image by using either

 یا تو

(the Picture Tools tab or the

 Quick menu option

• 1. TO change the text wrappingstyle of your clip art,

• if itis not already selected, select your clip art by double clicking it

Options on the format tab should be visible.

 Using WordArt Word

You can use WordArt to make display text, heading of your document) or a name.

• Creating word Art.

• Form the Insert command tab, in the text group, click.

• WordArt

• (The word Art Gallery dialog box appears)

• In the text box type your text,

• To format your text , from the font or size pull down lists, make the desired selections.

•

 Apply many command

Edit text, spacing ,even Height, vertical text, Alignment, Shape Fill,

Hyperlink

• Hyper command is used for link the file in the page.

• Click the insert Ribbon than to the hyperlink option or press =ctrl+ k

• Link to web page, a picture, an E-mail address or

• a program .

 Book Mark

• Create a bookmark to assign a name to a specific point in a document.

 Header and Footer

• Inserting a Header or a Footer

By default, headers and footers appear on every page of your document.

• Double click on the top of the page.

• Or

• Click the insert Ribbon

• Click the header or footer.

Design option:

Insert date &Time picture ,clip art, page number, adjust header and footer position and other setting.

 References

 Footnote: >> Place the cursor

 Click References Menu

• Click Footnote >>

• Click the symbol Option

• Click Ok

Select the symbol you want to insert in footnote. >>

Click insert.

 Caption

• Click References menu

• Click captions

• Click new label

• Type the caption text

• Click ok

 Mail Merge Wizard

• To start the Mail Merge in the new word 2007, click the Mailings tab. The Ribbon, the groups of commands you see on each tab,

• The toolbars and menus commands are organized in groups related to activities such as you see below in the create,

This brings up the task pane as shown below, Select letters.

( or what type you want) as the type of document and then click on the “next starting

Click the step by (step Mail Merge wizard).....

• Open task bar

• Then click the

• (Use the current document)

• Click the browse \ the Data Source file open

• Select the source file / the click open

• Click the sent the mail Option in the task bar

• Click the then Ok next

• Preview your letters

• Complete the merge

 Track changes (C +shift+ E)

 Click review menu

 Click track change

 Protect document

• Click Review menu

• Click protect

• document

• Click the Restrict Formatting and Editing

• Enter password

• Click ok

 Document view

• Print layout >> Full screen >> Outline >> Draft

 Show/ hide

• Ruler >> Document map >> Thumbnails >> Gridlines

 Window

• New window >> Arrange all >> Split

Macros (alt+F8)

• Click view menu

• Click macro >>

• Click record Marcos

• Write name >> Click ok

• dotCOM Institute OF IT:- design By Muhammad Younas

• Composed by Noushad Qazi

 Introduction

Microsoft excel is an excellent program for organizing formatting and calculating numeric data . Excel data display in a row-and Colum format, with gridlines between the rows and columns, similar

to accounting ledger بہی کھاتہ

( books or graph paper.

Excel run by using any of three methods that use to run Ms word.

When you start excel , a blank workbook, titled book1 open by default.

What is Microsoft Excel?

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application program offered in the Microsoft office software package. This program allows you to perform calculations and use graphic tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called VBA. In addition, Excel can also be used to create charts and graphs.

 Worksheets

Ms excel consists of worksheets each work sheet contains columns and rows . The columns are lettered A to Z and then continuing AA,AB AC and so on, the row are number 1 to 1048576.

The interface……

Terms Cell: The Combination of column and row are called cell.

Column :A vertical group of cells within a work sheet. The total no of columns are 16384.

Row: A horizontal group of cells within a worksheet. Total no of row are 1048576.

Formula: A self made method of calculation called formula.

Function: A pre defined method of calculation is called function .

Range: A group of cells. Ranges can be selected by clicking and dragging over the cells.

Value: A number that can be used in an excel calculation .

Workbook:A collection of worksheets are called

Workbook.

 After finishing this course you should be able to do the following:

• Start Excel

. • Identify the items on the Excel program screen

. • Know how to use Toolbars

. • Customize Toolbars

. • Work with Sheets

. • Create a New spreadsheet

. • Open an existing saved excel sheet

. • Save a sheet

. • Convert Excel to PDF

. • Rename a sheet

. • Work on multiple sheets

. • Enter the data

. • Insert and Delete rows/columns

. • Create Tables

. • Draw charts

. • Inserting Picture/Hyperlinks/Symbols

. • Enter a formula

. • Import, Filter and Sort the data

Starting Excel:



1. Go to the Start Button on the Desktop and press it.

2. Click on All Programs.

3. Then click on Microsoft Office, then Microsoft Office Excel 2007.

4. This opens the Excel 2007 program.

Identifying the items on the Excel program screen:

Office Button Excel Sheet

Menu Bar

Tool Bar

Menu bar:

1. By clicking on each tab user and view the operator.

Example: By clicking on Home tab user can see the operators which allow changing the Font type, size and color.

Toolbars:

1. A wide variety of toolbars displaying buttons which make editing quicker and easier are available.

2. 1. تیز ترمیم اور آسان دستیاب ہیں جس میں بٹن کی نمائش آلات پٹیوں کی وسیع اقسام

3. Usually Toolbars have only three options: Save, Undo and Redo. Users have an option of adding any tool they wish to have in Toolbar by simply Customizing the Toolbar.

Customizing Toolbars:

1. By clicking on the small down arrow present beside Toolbar users can Customize Toolbar.

2. From the available options, user can select any option by clicking on them.

 Find & Replace

Option

Description

Format Match content with specific formatting

Within Specify the search area

Search Control the order of the search : left to Right (columns) or top to bottom (rows)

Look in Limit the search to type of content: values, formulas, comments

Match case Limit search results to instances of the text or data that have the same case( Uppercase or Lowercase) as the text in the Find what text box.

How to Work with Sheets:

Creating a New Sheet:

In order to create a New sheet on the menu bar you may either: a) Click on the New button after clicking office button.

b) Choose New from then Tool bar.

c) Press Ctrl+N (press the Ctrl key while pressing “N”) on the keyboard.

Open an existing saved sheet:

In order to open an existing saved file, you may either:

a) Click on the Open file button after clicking office button.

b) Choose Open from then Tool bar.

c) Press Ctrl+O on the keyboard.

Each of these methods will show an Open dialog box. Choose the file and click the Open button.

 Formatting borders /changing borders

1.selcet the cell(s) whose borders you want to format

2.from the home command tab, in the font group, click the next to border select the desired border. The border is applied

Save a sheet:

In order to save a document, you may either

a). Click the Save button after clicking office button.

b). Select Save from the Tool bar.

OR c). Press Ctrl+S on the keyboard.

In either case you will get a Save As dialog box. Navigate to

پر تشریف لے جائیں

where you want to save the document where it says Save in by clicking on the arrow and then give the desired file name where it says File name. Then click on Save.

Working with multiple sheets:

You can work with multiple sheets by clicking on Insert worksheet icon present at left side bottom of the screen.

Press Shift + F11( press the Ctrl key while pressing “F11”) on the keyboard.

Enter, Edit, Analyze and Report the data:

Enter the Data:

1. The Excel sheets are divided into grids called “cells” where you can enter the Data.

2. The columns are indicated by the Alphabets and the Rows with the numbers.

3. Whenever you select a particular cell its location is displayed in Name box.

4. In Order to enter the data easily you have to click and drag the mouse by selecting either the columns or rows.

a.) columns

b.) row

 Selecting Cell/Cells:

In order to change any cell it has to be highlighted first. In order to highlight, click on the required cell. In order to select more than one cell, select a cell and then drag the mouse while pressing the left click button.

 Deleting Cell/Cells:

1. In order to delete a cell use the Delete key on the keyboard.

2. In order to delete a large number of cells, highlight them and then hit Delete button.

Select the cells, hit right click and then click on Delete. You can choose any of the options present here as per your requirement.

 How to Format text:

The easiest way to format text is to make use of the formatting toolbar. The formatting toolbar is shown below. You can view it by clicking on the Home tab.

Font Style: You may select whether you want to make the font Bold, Italicized or underlined by clicking on B, I, U

Press Ctrl + B for Bold

Press Ctrl + I for Italics

Press Ctrl + U for Underline

Highlight Color: This option may be used to change the color behind the selected text.

Text Color: This option changes the color of the text selected.

How to undo what has been done!

One may undo the last action by clicking on the Undo button on the standard toolbar

In order to erase the undo action, click the Redo button on the standard toolbar or just select Edit/Redo.

Moving (Cutting) Data:

Click the Home tab, highlight the cell/cells that you want to move and select Cut from the menu bar, click the Cut button on the standard toolbar or press Ctrl+ X at once. This moves the selected text to a clipboard.

Copying Cell/Cells:

To copy cell/cells, Click the Home tab, select the cells that you want to copy and then choose Copy.

press Ctrl+ C to copy the cell/cells onto a clipboard.

Paste Cell/Cells:

To paste Cell/Cells which is either copied or cut, move the cursor to the location and Click the Home tab, select the new cell/cells where you want the data to be placed and click on Paste.

Select the desired cell/cells and the press Ctrl + V.

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Create Tables:

Select the Cells and then click on Insert tab and select Table

Select the cells and the press Ctrl + T

The columns in the Tables can be sorted by clicking the down arrow present beside the column heading.

Drawing Charts:

Select the cells and the hit Insert tab and from the charts column select the type of the chart you wish to draw.

Example: Step1. Selecting the Data

Step2. Selecting the type of the chart.

Step3: In order to change the color or change the chart type, click on the chart and choose from the options in the Menu bar

Inserting Pictures or Clip Arts:

You can insert the pictures or Clip Arts by clicking on Insert tab and the on either Picture or Clip art and choose the one you wish to insert.

Inserting Hyperlink:

You can insert a Hyperlink by selecting the Text, pressing Insert Tab and then hitting the Hyperlink button. Now, enter the address you wish to link up.

Inserting Symbols:

You can insert a symbol by selecting the cell, pressing Insert Tab and then hitting the Symbol button. Now, you can click on the symbol you wish to enter.

Enter a formula:

In order to enter the formula click on the Formula tab and then choose the type of the formula you want to enter.

Example: To enter any Cos function. Click on Math & Trig tab and select Cos.

Import the data:

To import the data from Web or from other sources, hit the Data tab and then choose the media from where you wish to import the data.

Example: To import from web, click on From Web tab and enter the address of the website.

Sort the data:

Select the cells which are to be sorted, click on the Data button and then sort order button.

Filter the data:

Select the cells which are to be filtered, click on the Data button and then Filter button. Now click on the funnel and deselect the data you want to filter out.

Then, click on down arrow present in the first row and deselect the number you wish to filter out.

 Hiding Columns.

You can hide columns of your worksheet

containing

information that you do not need to view or do not want to print.

1. Select a cell with in the column(s) to be hidden.

2. On the Home command tab, in the Cells group click FORMAT

3. From the Format menu, in the Visibility(نظر آنے

4. section, select Hide & Unhide

 Hide Columns

the columns is hidden.

Redisplaying Rows

1. Select at least one cell from both of the rows around the hidden row(s) to be redisplayed.

Example: If row 5 is hidden, select a cell from rows 4 and 6.

HINT: if you cannot select the appropriate cells, you can

مناسب

 use the Go to Command.

2. On the Home command tab, in the cells group , click FORMAT

3. From the format menu, in the Visibility (

4. section,

5. select Hide & Unhide >> Unhide Rows

The Rows appears.

Spell Check: In order to check the spelling select the cell and the hit Review tab and select the ABC spellings icon.

Add Comment: To add a comment select the cell to which you want to add comment and click on the Review tab then click on New comment, you can enter the comment in the box.

Protect Sheets: If you don’t want other people to access your sheet you can protect them by using this protection option.

To view multiple excel files: In order to view or work with two different excel files click on view tab and then select view side by side option.

Freeze/Unfreeze Worksheets :

When working with large or complex worksheets, scrolling can sometimes become a problem. Freezing panes allows you to keep row and column labels visible as you scroll.

To freeze a pane you have to click on the view tab first and then freeze panes. Now select required option.

 Unfreezing Panes:

Select freeze panes you will see the unfreeze options in the box.

 Using Auto fit to adjust Row Height:

 To select a row to be adjust, click the row ID (e.g.,1.2.3)

 The entire is selected.

پورے

 From the Ribbon ,select the home command tab,

 In the cells group , click Format and format drop down list open then click the auto fit option.

Pivot Tables: In order to summarize large amount of data Pivot tables can be used.

Procedure:

1. Select a cell

 Formatting cells

In excel every cell can be formatted differently. There are many options available to customize your excel workbook, which can make the worksheet easier to read. مآسانی۔ سہولیت۔ آرا

• Formatting text

The excel 2007 ribbon contains most of the tools that need to format the text.

1. Select the text that want to format

2. On the home tab, in the font group, from the options available, select the desire formatting.

 Merging cells

a cell merge converts selected cells into a single cell.

1. Select the cells you want to merge.

2. From the home command tab, in the alignment group click

3. merge and center the cells are merged and the text aligns to the center .

 Wrapping a cell merge

If you have text that appears in a single cell and you want to increase ازیادہ ہون the height of the cell without expanding the row of column, you the wrap text option.

1.selcet the appropriate cells.

From the home command tab, in the alignment group, click wrap text .

 Clearing cell formatting

you can remove all cell formatting while pressing text formatting in selected cells fill color , alignment, and borders will be cleared, but text color, font size, and font face will not be cleared.

1. Select the cell containing the formatting to be cleared

2. From the home command tab, in the editing group, click clear select clear formats. The cell formatting is removed.

 Formatting numbers: toolbar option

When you want to format numbers quickly , excel allows you to do so from the Ribbon.

1. Select the cell(s) you want to format

2. From the home command tab in the number group click the desired toolbar option

Formatting numbers dialog box option.

The format cells dialog box can help you customize your number formatting

1. Select the cells you want to format

2. In the home command tab, in the number group, click FORMAT CELL NUMBEDR

Moving information

The Drag and Drop, Cut and paste, and copy and paste options will help you do this without having to recreate the entire worksheet.

Adjusting Row Height: Ribbon Option

1.To adjust a single row, any cell from the row to be adjusted

To adjust multiple non-contiguous rows , press {ctrl} + select cells from each row to be adjusted

2.from the Ribbon, select the Home command tab

3. In the cell group, click ROMAT

4. In the Cell size section, select Height

The Row dialog box appears.

=Adjusting Row Height: Mouse Option

If you choose to adjust multiple rows at once, all selected rows will be adjusted the same amount no matter which row border you move.

Adjusting Column with: Ribbon Option

1. To adjust a single column, select any cell from the column to be adjusted

2. From the Ribbon, select the Home command tab

3. In the cells group, click FORMAT

4. In the cell size section , select width… the column with dialog box appears.

 Moving worksheets:

some workbook, Right click

• Right click the sheet tab of the worksheet to be moved>> select Move or copy

The move or copy dialog box appears.

Select the sheet and click ok Option .

Printing the Active worksheet(s)

• TO activate the worksheet you want printed , click the tab of that worksheet the worksheet is active.

• In the top left corner of the Excel window , click the Office Button select Print

Press {ctrl +P}

The Print dialog box appears.

Defining the Print Area: Dialog Box Option

HINT: For more information about the page setup dialog box sheet tab Option, refer to sheet tab option .

• Select the page layout command tab

• In the page setup group, click Page setup

The page setup dialog box appears.

• Select the sheet tab

• In the print area text box, type the range of cells you want to print

• OR

• To Select the area

ALLOUNCES

House Rent

=Basic Pay*5%

Medical

=Basic Pay*3%

Travel

=Basic Pay*1%

DEDUCTION

GP Fund

=Basic Pay*2%

Income Tax

=Basic Pay*1.7

Net Pay

=Basic Pay+ House Rent +Medical +Travel- GPFund –Income Tax

Interst:

=IF(Account Type=”FLX”,Deposit*15/100.IF(Account Type=”PLS,Deposit*7/100))

Zakat:

IF(Deposit>=5000,Deposit*2.5/100,IF(Deposit<5000,Deposit*0/100))

Net Pay:

=Deposit-Interest-Zakat

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Commonly used function

Funcion Name Syntax Purpose

Sum =Sum (range) For addition of cells or values

Average =average (range) For average of cells or Values

Max =Max (range) For Maximum value of range

Min =min (range) For minimum value of range

Count =count (range) For counting of numeric value

Counta =counta(range) Count the number of cell that are not empty.

Count blank =countblank(range) Count the empty cell in the range

Count if =countif (range,criteria) Count the number of cells within a range that meet the

Today =today( ) Show the today date

Now( ) =now ( ) Show the current date with time

Customer Item name Trade Price Sales Price Qty Amount Discount Net Amount profit

Romana 1 59 55 92 ? ? ? ?

KASHIF 2 45 41 65 ? ? ? ?

Aiman 3 74 62 34 ? ? ? ?

Kashan 4 45 32 55 ? ? ? ?

Zain 5 12 74 42 ? ? ? ?

STOCK INVOICE TABLE / FORMULAS

Amount:

=Sales Price”Qty

Discount:

=IF(Amount>=10000,Amount*20/100,

IF(Amount<10000,Amount*10/100))

Net Amount:

=Amount-Discount

Profit:

=Net Amount-Trade Price*Qty

Salary Increasement Through Designation

Employee Name Designation Salary (Pay) Annual Pay Increasement Net Pay

Romana Professor 6200 310 6510

Kashif Teacher 6200 248 6448

Aiman Science Teacher 6200 186 6386

Zain Primary Teacher 6200 124 6324

Annual Pay Increasement

=IF(Designation=”Professor”,Salary*5%,

IF(Designation=”Teacher”,Salary*4%,

IF(Designation=”Science Teacher”,Salary*3%,

IF(Designation=”Primary Teacher”,Salary*2%))))

Net Pay

=Salary+Annual Pay Increasement

Salary Increasement Through BPS Scale

Employee Name Scale Salary (Pay) Annual Pay Increasement Net Pay

Romana BPS-17 6200 310 6510

Kashif BPS-16 6200 248 6448

Aiman BPS-15 6200 186 6386

Zain BPS-14 6200 124 6324

Annual Pay Inceasement

=IF(Scale=”BPS-17”,Salary*5%,

IF(Scale=”BPS-16”,Salary*4%,

IF(Scale=”BPS-15”,Salary*3%,

IF(Scale=”BPS-14”,Salary*2%))))

Net Pay

=Salary+Annual Pay Increasement

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